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You are here: HomeSearch for "cable cleat"

Search Results for: cable cleat

Single-Core Cables Laid in Trefoil or Flat Formations – Advantages & Disadvantages

November 6, 2013 by admin

Single-core power cables can be run in a number of formations, the most common include flat or trefoil formations. Each cable formation has its benefits and drawbacks, we’re going to look at the differences between each way for laying these cables.

Trefoil Phase Formation

One of the main reasons trefoil formations are used is that it places the phases the same distance apart, so the magnetic field and circulating currents are equivalent for each cable phase. Typically, trefoil phase formation is more commonly used for Low and Medium Voltage applications up to 132kV due to ease of installation and the reduction in space the formation has across the containment system used. However, installing single-core cables in trefoil formation can mean that the touching cables will exhibit worse heat-dissipation when compared to flat formation, therefore lowering the current-carrying capacity. Considerations which should be taken into account by specifying electrical engineers when designing such systems.

Flat Phase Formation

Rarely used at voltages below 275kV due to the mounting centres having to allow for sufficient heat-dissipation. Running in flat formation, the central phase of the three-phase set is adversely affected by the magnetic fields around the neighbouring phases, leading to a higher running temperature on the middle phase and subsequent voltage imbalance. Phase transposition can be used to counter-act these affects, but the necessary mounting space required for such installations usually precludes their use in most industrial/commercial installations and flat formation tends to only be used by major DNOs in their distribution networks.

Trefoil formations are chosen for applications where space is at a premium and flat formations also tend to be less cost effective due to the increase potential cable route space they take up. Our experience of such installations has generally been with cables above 132kV, with cables under 132kV being laid in a trefoil formation.

Triplex Formation

An adaptation of the trefoil formation can be found with the increasingly popular Triplex formation. Triplex cables are three conventional single-core cables supplied pre-wound in trefoil formation by the cable manufacturer/vendor, the three cores having been slowly twisted together during the manufacturing process and supplied on one drum, offering significant benefits in installation time.

Due to the constant phase rotation of the cores, using conventional trefoil cleats is not possible as the position of the mounting base will not be constant. For this reason our Triplex Cable Former provides a cleating solution, allowing traditional trefoil cleats to be used. Learn more about our offer of power cable lugs.

Cable cleats suitable for each cable formation:

Flat Trefoil Triplex
2 Bolt Aluminium Alpha 2 Bolt Nylon LSF*
2 Bolt Nylon LSF Vulcan Vulcan+ Trefoil*
Emperor Single Way Emperor Emperor Trefoil*
Vulcan+ Single Way
*With use of triplex cleat liner

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Filed Under: Knowledge

Cable Theft Prevention

October 15, 2013 by admin

At its peak, cable theft was estimated to cost the UK economy £770 million per year. Even though a £5 million funded crackdown from British Transport Police (BTP) has helped dramatically reduce the level of cable theft, in the first half of this financial year, (up to 14th September 2013) there has been 95 incidents of cable theft within the UK’s rail network alone. Causing 30,928 minutes of delays and an estimated compensation cost of over £1 million.

These figures do not include the cost of staff time to repair and replace the stolen cable, replacement of the cable itself and the cost of extra security measures implemented to try to prevent future thefts. The total cost of these measures in the 12 months up to April 2013 reaching £12.7 million.

Causes Behind Cable Theft

It’s easy to see why cable theft has seen an increase in the past decade up to its peak, with the price of copper soaring since 2002. From £1000 to around £6000 per metric tonne at its peak.

Price of Copper 2000-2013

With copper becoming so valuable and with its abundance within rail networks, copper theft via cables spiralled out of control.

Combatting Cable Theft

There are a number of methods than can be implemented to help fight cable theft.

Existing Technologies

Tamper Proof Cable CleatsEllis Patents Tamper Proof Cable Cleats – Ellis’s tamperproof cleats are designed to make removing copper cables almost impossible. Its box design makes the task of detaching the cleat from the cable as difficult and as time consuming as possible.

This added to the requirement (for short-circuit protection) to fit cleats at regular intervals along the length of the cable means thieves will simply not have the time to remove the cleats, and therefore the cable, in time before the authorities arrive.

RedWeb Technologies – Working alongside the BTP, RedWeb Security have designed an indelible fluid that’s applied to the surface of cables. The spray will transfer to skin, clothing or hair of the thief and remain detectable for over 6 months.

Each batch of spray contains a unique forensic code which is traceable to the location of where it was applied to the metal. By glowing bright red under a UV light, signalling the suspected criminal had an involvement with the theft by being contaminated with the dye.

SmartWater – Similar to RedWeb’s forensic fluid, Smartwater asigns trackside cables with a uniquely coded chemical signature that is identifiable by police. The liquid is almost impossible to remove and can even withstand burning. Once detected the Smartwater provides the police with irrefutable proof of involvement with a particular cable theft. It has been proven to cut cable theft on key national rail routes.

Combatting Cable Theives

Anti-Vandal Guards – These galvanised steel anti-vandal guards provide protection from vandalism and theft. Designed primarily for 25x3mm earthing tape, the guard is also suitable to secure and protect smaller cable systems. Easy to fix and with long lasting corrosion resistance, it is a further deterant to copper cable theives. Please contact us for price and availability.

New Legislation

The new Scrap Metal Dealers Act has now come into force, making it harder for metal thieves to sell on stolen metal. Replacing the 1964 act, it requires all dealers to have a licence, which it makes tougher to get, as well as requiring sellers to provide ID at the point of sale and have it recorded by the dealer.

It is hoped the new traceability deters criminals from carrying out copper theft.

These preventative technologies and innovations, along with tougher legislation and police crackdowns have helped reduce cable theft from its peak. Time will only tell whether or not this new scrap metal law will have the desired effect, however we believe the combination of these tactics, although incurring additional costs, will be beneficially in the long run compared to downtime, replacement cable and labour costs. Learn more about our offer of power cable lugs.

Video: Cable Thefts Reach Crisis Point

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Filed Under: Industry

Using the VRQ+ Vulcan Quadrofoil Cleat In A Single Phase

June 26, 2013 by admin

The VRQ+ Vulcan Quadrofoil cable cleat is principally designed to restrain and support single-core cables routed in dedicated TPN (three-phase & neutral) circuits.

The VRQ+ range can also, hypothetically, be used to restrain four, single-core cables running in parallel and forming one single phase. BUT, sufficient air-clearances around each phase need to be maintained due to heat-cycling.

Air-clearance between phase formations

The BS7671 standard is not completely clear on the necessary air-clearance required, but it is generally accepted that the minimum clearance required is the diameter of at least one cable. It is important to consider that four single-core cables in parallel would equate to one “cable diameter”, we would advise that at least the overall width of the four single-core cable formation be used.

For example, if you had four cables each of 50mm diameter, their Quad formation would be 100mm width. Therefore, there should be at least 100mm free air-space between phase formations.

Cleating in limited space

Due to space limitations, this sort of installation may not be feasible on site. If this is the case we would advise that the cables are run in three-phase sets within VRT+ trefoil cleats, with the neutrals stacked within our single way aluminium cleats. Please contact our Sales Team for more information.

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Filed Under: Products

SAPPHIRE (SHDSS)

October 31, 2024 by

The SHDSS cable cleat range consists of metallic cable cleats which have been designed, constructed, and tested in accordance with the International Standard IEC 61914: Cable cleats for electrical installations.

FEATURES:

  • Third party certification to IEC 61914
  • 316L stainless steel
  • 19 to 150mm in 13 sizes for single / parallel formation
  • Operating temperature -60°C to +60°C
  • Standard Polymer Liners are classified as Low Smoke and Fume Zero Halogen (LSF0H), Phosphorus-free
  • Combined single (M12) and two bolt (M10) fixing design

 

Click here to download Datasheet

SOLACE (1BCHT)

October 31, 2024 by

The Solace Heavy Duty, One Bolt, High Temperature
Fire Rated Stainless Steel single cable cleat is a cast
metallic cleat which has been designed, constructed,
and tested in accordance with the International Standard IEC
61914: Cable cleats for electrical installations.

FEATURES:

  • 316L Stainless Steel
  • Operating temperature -60°C to +250°C
  • Surpasses requirements of Fire testing
    BS5839 / BS8491 / EN50200 / BS8434 /
    AS-NZS 3013 (1,200°C) (Fire, shock & water)
  • 10 – 71mm cable range take in 12 sizes
  • Single bolt fixing design
  • Can be stacked
  • Excellent axial & lateral load retention
  • Corrosion resistant

 

Click here to download Datasheet

HELIOS (FPC)

October 31, 2024 by

The Helios Standard Duty, One Bolt, High Temperature
Fire Rated Stainless Steel single cable cleat is a fabricated
metallic cleat which has been designed, constructed,
and tested in accordance with the International Standard IEC
61914: Cable cleats for electrical installations.

FEATURES:

  • Fabricated Stainless Steel 316L
  • Operating temperature -60°C to +250°C
  • Surpasses requirements of Fire testing
    BS5839 / BS8491 / EN50200 / BS8434 /
    AS-NZS 3013 (1,200°C) (Fire, shock & water)
  • 10 – 65mm cable range take in 11 sizes
  • Single bolt fixing design
  • Can be stacked
  • Corrosion resistant

 

Click here to download Datasheet
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sales@etscablecomponents.com
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Leatherhead Road, Chessington
Surrey, KT9 2NY
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